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PARETO PRINCIPLE Pareto 原則；俗稱為"80-20原則"--此原則由J. M. Juran錯誤地以意大利經濟及社會學家Vilfredo Pareto (1849-1923)之名命之。 此原則謂在許多不同的狀況，一些數量少的項目或因素（關鍵的少數 vital few或 critical few）會產生較大的影響，而大多數的項目或因素（無足輕重的多數 trivial many 或 useful many）卻造成較少的影響。 J. M. Juran 在 Managerial Breakthrough 一書 (鍾譯為 {管理三部曲})以它作為管理學的基本原理。
應用於事故預防時，「怕列多」原則謂僅少數高潛在危險因素會引起重大損失。因此得到一觀念，認為只要能確認並控制那些會造成重大損失的高危險性因素，即可達成有效的風險控制。參考Critical Few（關鍵少數）；Profitable Risk Control（有用的風險控制）...... ***** Pareto chart (diagram) : " 台灣業界早期多誤稱為"柏拉圖 ". A graphical tool for ranking causes from most significant to least significant. It is based on the Pareto principle, which was first defined by J. M. Juran in 1950. The principle, named after 19th century economist Vilfredo Pareto, suggests most effects come from relatively few causes; that is, 80% of the effects come from 20% of the possible causes. The Pareto chart is one of the "seven tools of quality. |